Life on the Arabian Peninsula

The Arabian Peninsula By Minali Prasad Due Date December 7, 2011 furcate Color Sapphire Table second 5 there ar quadruple divergent pillow slips of environments in the Arabian Peninsula. three-quarters of the Arabian Peninsula is desert. The desert has plains and plateaus. Temperatures can cranial orbit up to 120F or drop down to below zero. thither is 3 to 4 inches of rain per course of study with galore(postnominal) droughts. Flash floods be ca utilized by the annual pelting. The desert has many another(prenominal) oases. Oases allow in plants, shade, and piddle. An harbour begins when water system kabbalistic underground travels to the surface.The soil around and oasis is very fertile, so it produces plant bearing equal grass and shrubs. Oases range from a few acres to expansive areas. The water is beneficial for farmers as they can have their crops there as well as trade them. The coastal plain is surrounded by the Red Sea, the Arabian Sea, and the Iranian G ulf. The coastal plain varies from 5- 40 miles from the amount of Arabia. thither are many cliffs along the shore. The damp, moist air is the result of even rain. Sometimes, water fills the riverbeds that intercept the coastal plains. Farmers de solve crops on the coastal plains.Traders as well desexualize headway from the coastal plains beca accustom there are seaports. The flowerpot ranges line the western edge of the Arabian Peninsula. Their altitude is from 1,000 feet to 12,000 feet high. The mountains have 20 inches of rainfall each year because of moist winds from the gray Ocean. The mountain ranges stay cool by rain and elevation. Winter brings frost and fills the riverbeds with water. Farmers use dams and irrigation systems to help grow their crops. Muhammad was a seer which meant he was a messenger of god. Muhammad was distinguished to Moslem compound because he introduced the flavour in mavin graven image, in any case alled monotheism. originally Muhamm ad, masses living in the Arabian Peninsula were polytheists which means they deald in more than virtuoso matinee idol. Muhammad was born in Mecca, a township that grew wealthy off of trade. At that time, Arabia was restrained united by culture, mostly langu be on. duple families control the city whereas clans could only hold away in the city of Mecca. Mecca was a normal destination for journeys. Arabs either dwelld in the cities or the deserts which was ruled by tribes. Muhammads tribe was Hashim. Hashim in the akins of mannerk notice of his birth since his generate had died.Muhammads mother sent him to live with wandering nomads who taught him Arabic traditions. At age six, Muhammad returned to the city, simply soon his mother died. afterwards his grandfathers d giveh, Muhammad was left in the care of his uncle, Abu Talib. During his childhood, Muhammad raised his familys sheep and goats. Later, at age twelve, Muhammad experienced place farther step up than the deserts on a avocation go with his uncle. As a result of his numerous trading journeys, Muhammad became a merchant. He was described as original. Fifteen years later, Muhammad was notified, by the paragon Gabriel, that he was the messenger of God.Khadijah, his wife, convinced him vary others to the religion of Islam. Though most spate believed him, some clans rejected his faith and boycotted the Hashim clan. When it became too dangerous, Muhammad moved to Yathrib on a journey addressed hijrah. Yathrib was renamed Madinah. Makkans tried to siege Madinah but failed. In 632, Muhammad traveled on his last pilgrimage to Mecca and gave his Last Sermon. Muhammad was distinguished to the Islamic faith because he united Arabia with religion, set an font for Islamics on how to live and introduced Islam into Arabia. The quintuple columns of Islam are the five basic rules of worship for the Islamic faith. These ideas are faith, prayer, charity, fasting, and making pilgrimages to Mec ca. Moslems today noneffervescent follow the five towers of faith. The first pillar of Islam is Shahadah. Shahadah is the declaration of faith in which Muslims delineate themselves as monotheists. They in any case declare that Muhammad was Gods messenger. People pledge to believe in God and submit to him. Muslims also believe in angels and other instruments like them. Angels are perceived to do Gods work. The second pillar of Islam is salaah.Salat is daily ritual prayer. Muslims demo their phantasmal discipline, spirituality, and closeness to God through with(predicate) salat. Muslims five times a day and are called to prayer by a muezzin. onward entering a mosque, Muslims wash their arms, face, hands, and feet. interior a mosque, an imam leads them in prayer. patch praying, people face the direction of Mecca. A person may pray anywhere they like. The third pillar of faith is zakat which is bighearted to those in need. Muslims believe almsgiving discourages avaricio usness because they give 2. 5% of their earnings to honk themselves.Zakat was utilise for construction of public holding. at present zakat is utilise for soup kitchens, clothing, shelter, orphanages and hospitals. An individual decides what the property is use for and where it goes. The fourth pillar of Islam is siyam or fasting where you do not eat or dr sign from dawn to dusk. Muslims exhibit siyam through Ramadan. Ramadan is the ninth month when Gabriel told Muhammad he was a prophet. During Ramadan, Muslims begin fasting when a white thread can be identified next to a slow thread. To break a fast, Muslims eat fare like dates and pray where they hear part of the Quran each day.Ramadan teaches fasting and kindness. Eid-al-Fitr is a jubilancy that marks the determination of Ramadan. The fifth pillar of Islam is hajj where a Muslim makes a pilgrimage to Mecca on the twelfth month. A person does so once in their life. Wearing white, Muslims circle the Kaba cardinal times . Later, they visit sacred sites like the Zamzam spring, limpid of Arafat, Mount Arafat and Mina. Pilgrims end with a rejoicing that lasts for four days. They sacrifice sheep or goats to God. This festivity is known as Eid-al-Adha. The Arabic style evince learning.Even Muhammad himself declared that The sign of scholars is more precious than the blood of martyrs. Scholars from places like Europe, North Africa and the Middle East came in concert and cooperated to build on their ideas. Early Muslim rulers built places of learning for the students like schools, colleges, and libraries. For lesson, khalif al-Mamun established the House of Wisdom in the city of Baghdad. This happened in 830. Scholars translated texts there. Those texts were from Greece, India, China, and Persia. There was also a House of Wisdom in Cairo which served for the purpose of scholars.This building subject in the tenth century. Another precedent is the famous library in Cordoba, Spain which has all all over 400,000 books. Some texts studied by scholars were those of Greek philosophers like Plato and Aristotle. Muslim scholars tried to use reason and logic. An Arabic philosopher tried to combine reason with faith like Christian scholars but failed because he couldnt advance there was a possibility of individual resurrecting on judgment day. Ibn Sina was a Persian philosopher who gave evidence that the soul of a creature was immortal. This philosopher influenced other scholars in Europe.Ibn Sina though that God was the source of knowledge and that truth could be extracted through reason and revelation. Muslim scholars make theories to the highest degree the evolution of animals like al-Jahiz. creature is the scientific study of animals. Muslims started the first zoos. They were also advanced in astronomy. With astronomy, people employ compasses and astrolabes to locate the direction of Mecca. Another example of Muslims using astronomy is that astronomers figured out the exact times to start and end Ramadan. Astronomers also discovered that the humanity rotated.They inquired whether the Earth was the center of the universe. Muslim scholars were very special(a) about their universe. Muslims also made advancements in technology. They made dams and aqueducts like the Greeks to provide water for their cities. Remodeling the old irrigation systems, canals, and wells, they built new and stout ones. Muslims brought water from canals and reservoirs with water wheels. The land used Muslims is dry so this was very beneficial. In mathematics, Muslims worked with ideas from India and Greece. In fact, algebra was relieve oneselfd by Al-Khwarizmi father of algebra His texts re now one of the most important today. Arabic numerals also came from one of Al-Khwarizmis books. Arabic numerals were used for business and trade. Muslims also learn fractions and decimals from an Indian scholar. Muslim scholars emphasized the concept of zero. Zero means something void . Algebra, Arabic numerals and zero are still used today. Muslims learned medicine from Greeks, Mesopotamians, and Egyptians. There were many hospitals in the Muslim communities. Doctors had many ways to cure the sick and discreetness the wounded patients.The patients were treated with a equilibrise combination of drugs, diet, and exercise. Pharmacists made medications for the doctors to use. Pharmacists made different types of medications such as drugs for pain, antiseptics for infections and ointments for wounds. Surgeons did operations on the patients such as amputations, taking out tumors and removing cataracts. Some famous physicians were al-Razi and Ibn Sina. Al- Razi discovered that a bacterium is the cause of infections and Ibn Sina was called the prince of physicians because he wrote a book about the treatment of diseases. Muslims had a unique style of architecture. One of the buildings that they created was the mosque. Mosques had towers called minarets which had a small platform like a deck so the muezzin could call Muslims to prayer. Out typeface of the mosque was a fountain in which Muslims could perform their washing of arms, face, hands, and feet. The prayer inhabit was located inside the mosque where worshippers prayed, facing mihrab (niche to show the direction of Mecca). An imam led the prayers. There were many designs of mosques that showed the religious and artistic side of the Muslim community.The four types of art in the Muslim community were geometric and flowered design, chirography, textile and practice of medicine in Muslim Spain. Muslims were famous for their art that was used for ornamental purposes. Muslims did not have pictures of humans and animals because they archetype only God had the right to create something alive. Artists used shapes, patterns and geometry to make decorations. Decorations were also used on household items. Arabesque was a type of decoration where nature like put ups, and flowers, was painted onto ma ny surfaces. Artists also used shapes like polygons in their art.The next type of art was calligraphy (the art of comely writing). The Quran was copied in calligraphy because Muslims thought calligraphy was beautiful enough to write the terminology of God. Calligraphers used tools such as bamboo and ink to create calligraphy. Calligraphy was used on pottery, tiles and swords. The third type of art was textiles. Textiles are manufactures clothes. Textiles were important trade items. The types of textiles were wool, linen, silk, or cotton. The fabrics could be embroidered or dyed. Importance and rank was used to indicate through clothes.The last form of art was medicament in Muslim Spain. Music centers were scattered all over the Islamic community but the music in Cordoba, Spain combined the cultures of Islam and Spanish to make their very own style. Ziryab started the first conservatoire where musicians learned from him. Songs were important in Muslim Spains culture. There were s ong about love, nature and accomplishments of the empire. Muslim Spains music used instruments like drums, flutes and lutes. The Crusades were a serial of wars launched against Muslims by European Christians.The reason bum the Crusade was to capture Palestine or the city of Jerusalem. Palestine was being ruled by the Seljuk Turks, which was a maturation empire. Afraid that their strength may one day become too vast to overcome, the emperor Byzantine asked Pope urban II what to do, and he suggested they start a religious war to capture the holy Land and destroy the Seljuks. Christians fought with Muslims against Jews and other Christians. Their destruction was to win the Holy Land. The Crusades took place in Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East.Though Christians suffered through many hardships during the Crusades, they also gained from the war. Kings had to tax the people to pay for those who had fought in the Crusades. Feudalism among Christians stop because the monarch s grew powerful as the knight had to leave for war. The Crusades changed the way of life for Christians. They dressed in muslin, learned to eat new foods, and learned to use spices in their cooking. Muslims suffered more than Christians, but gained less. They lost Iberia to the other Crusaders. Muslims died and were murdered with their property destroyed.However, they learned to use new weapons and force ideas. They began an army like the Europeans. The Crusades resulted in policy-making changes for the Muslims. New mosques and schools were built. Jewish crusaders suffered the most. There were unfounded persecutions and murders. The French and German murdered many Jewish, destroyed synagogues and tortured the Jewish until they concur to become Christians. Riots and massacres were the result of anti- Semitism. Christians took over and ran the Jews trading businesses. France and England expelled the Jews. The Jews were finally forced to live in ghettos.